Adventures of an Audubon Descendent

By Susan Crofoot Davis

John James Audubon

Introduction

Through her maternal line, Susan Crofoot Davis is the gr-gr-gr-gr granddaughter of John James and Lucy Bakewell Audubon. She is the gr-gr-gr granddaughter of John Woodhouse Audubon, the Audubon's second son. John Woodhouse Audubon's first wife was Maria Rebecca Bachman, daughter of the Rev. John and Harriet Bachman of Charleston, SC, who are also her gr-gr-gr-gr grandparents. The Rev. Bachman was pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church in Charleston. John James Audubon and Rev. Bachman met and became friends for the rest of their lives. With his love and knowledge of natural history, Rev. Bachman contributed a wealth of information and advice to Audubon's BIRDS OF AMERICA.

In late summer 2000 Susan went to New York to visit museums and Trinity Cemetery near the Church of the Intercession in Manhattan, where many members of the Audubon family are buried. Trinity Cemetery is located near the site of the Audubon's final home called "Minniesland" on the Hudson River. Susan also visited John James Audubon's first home in America at Mill Grove, Audubon, PA.

In spring 2001 Susan went to Houston, TX to attend the an exhibit entitled, "John James Audubon in the West: The Last Expedition, Mammals of North America." In addition, she traveled to Orange, Texas to see other Audubon works at the Stark Museum of Art.

Susan's current genealogical interests are to document her branch of the Audubon family and to research John Woodhouse Audubon's 1849-50 expedition to California through Texas and Mexico. She plans to travel to the John James Audubon Museum in Henderson, KY, and other Audubon sites in Charleston, SC, Louisiana, California and return to New York State to continue her studies about her ancestors.

Audubon Legacy Life

My interest in the life and works of John James Audubon, naturalist/artist and my gr-gr-gr-gr grandfather, took on new life when I got my first computer. Thanks to the internet, I have been able to access a rich variety of information about Audubon’s life and the lives of his wife Lucy Green Bakewell and his children, Victor and John Woodhouse. In my mother’s bank deposit box was her father’s handwritten Audubon family tree. I then realized that another set of my gr-gr-gr-gr grandparents were the Rev. John and Harriet Bachman of Charleston, SC. Rev. Bachman was a friend and collaborator of Audubon’s for over forty years and contributed information and advice to Audubon in his work on The Birds of America. Two of Bachman’s daughters married the Audubon sons, Victor and John Woodhouse.

During this time I met many people related to or associated with Audubon. Thus I made two trips to meet some of these people and to learn more about my heritage.

In late summer of 2000 I took a month to travel to the east coast to visit Audubon sites. My first stop was at Mill Grove, John James Audubon’s first and only standing home in America. I spent four peaceful days with Mill Grove staff wandering about the beautiful Audubon Wildlife Sanctuary. The most exciting part of my trip was to visit the very attic room where Audubon spent his early years working with specimens and making many of his early bird drawings. A special event was going to a local Audubon bird sanctuary with Alan and Carol Gehret to help band birds.

I also visited the Audubon burial site at Trinity Cemetery near the Church of the Intercession at 155th Street and Broadway, New York City. Many Audubon ancestors are buried here, including John James and Lucy Bakewell Audubon, their sons Victor and John Woodhouse, and several others.

Just before leaving New York City I visited several museums which house Audubon works. I was unable to see the original watercolor collection at the New York Historical Society because the floor on which they were to be displayed was undergoing a major renovation.

In spring of 2001 I traveled to Houston, Texas with friends to see the traveling exhibit originating at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wyoming. The exhibit was held at Houston Museum of Natural Science. The title of the exhibit was “John James Audubon in the West, the Last Expedition, Mammals of North America.” Our party also traveled to Orange, Texas, to visit the privately-owned Stark Museum of Art, which contains paintings, sculptures, books, folios, and other items of importance to American art and natural history. The collection includes works of contemporary Southwestern painters, plus American West artists Alfred J. Miller, J. M. Stanley, Paul Kane, Frederic Remington, and C.M. Russell, and others. There is an extensive collection of John James and John Woodhouse Audubon folios and paintings. (Brochure, "The Stark Museum of Art", Orange, Texas)

My present interest is in the western travels of my gr-gr-gr grandfather, John Woodhouse Audubon. In 1849-50 he traveled with a group of men going to the gold fields in California. The trip through Texas, Mexico, and into California was difficult, and John Woodhouse, who was not interested in panning for gold, drew many pictures of landscapes and people on his travels. This trip is documented in a book entitled, Audubon’s Western Journal 1849-1850, (John Woodhouse Audubon, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1984). I am currently reviewing books and documents pertaining to the fate of John Woodhouse Audubon’s art works after he left California.

On the Audubon Road

Audubon Runic Cross in Trinity Cemetery behind Church of the Intercession, 770 Riverside Drive, between Broadway and 155th Streets. (Audubon Memorial 1 New York City September 2000)

Runic Cross erected at the grave site of John James Audubon, the famous naturalist. A number of Audubon family members are also buried here. The monument was dedicated April 26, 1893 at Trinity Cemetery behind Church of the Intercession, near Broadway at 155th Street, New York City. Funds for the monument were raised by the New York Academy of Sciences. (Audubon Memorial 2 New York City September 2000)

Runic Cross honoring John James Audubon at Trinity Cemetery, New York City. Audubon’s base relief portrait on the north face is flanked by the dates of his birth and death. Graceful carvings of animals adorn another side, with the canticle “All ye beasts and cattle, Bless ye the Lord, Praise Him and Magnify Him forever.” Another surface carries an artist’s palette with brushes, and the last side shows a huntsman’s gear–the powderhorn, crossed rifles, and a game bag. Birds and animals decorate the tall shaft. (See Churchyards of Trinity Parish in the City of new York, 1697-1969, p. 85, author unknown). (Audubon Memorial 3 New York City September 2000)

Located on 155th Street and Broadway on a bluff in historic Trinity Cemetery, the Church of the Intercession (Anglican/Episcopal) is the finest example of Gothic Revival or Neo-Gothic architecture in New York City. This church was built between 1911 and 1914 and is the third church in the area to bear the name “Intercession.” Many of New York’s social elite are buried at the cemetery behind the church, including the Astors, Schermerhorns, Audubons, and Alfred Tennyson Dickens. (See Church of the Intercession, by James Renner for more information). (Church of the Intercession New York City September 2000)

Looking west towards the Hudson River and New Jersey Palisades near the original site of Minniesland, New York City home of John James Audubon and his family. The home site is now within what is known as “Audubon Park.” (Hudson River New York City September 2000)

The Bakewell burial site (aka Fatlands Burial Ground and Free Quakers Burial Ground) is in close proximity to the site of the Bakewell family’s Fatlands estate and near Mill Grove, the first home of John James Audubon, in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. This modest plot erected on a granite coping and enclosed with a iron fence is pleasing to the eye. The first person interred here was Lucy Green Bakewell, first wife of William Bakewell and mother of Lucy Bakewell Audubon, who was the wife of John James Audubon, the naturalist. William Bakewell was later buried here. The Wetherill family later acquired this land, and members of the Wetherill family are also buried here. This cemetery came into the possession of the Society of Friends by the will of Col. John Malcolm Wetherill. (Some of this information from Sketches of the Historical Society of Montgomery County-PA, Second Hundred Years, author unknown) (Bakewell Burial Site near Mill Grove, PA September 2000)

Barn (circa 1820) at Mill Grove, Montgomery County, Audubon, PA, first and only standing home in America of John James Audubon, the naturalist. (Mill Grove Barn Audubon, PA September 2000)

One of the beautiful fields within the Audubon Wildlife Sanctuary at Mill Grove in Audubon, Pennsylvania, first home in America of John James Audubon. Because of his love for the meadows, forests, rivers, and streams at Mill Grove, John James Audubon was inspired to create the works of art for which he is famous. (Mill Grove Fields Audubon, PA September 2000)

Between the Mill Grove house and Perkiomen Creek is a grassy hill, formerly grazing land. A fairly low rock wall was built to keep the livestock from coming too close to the house. The wall is called the “Ha Ha Wall,” because from the house it is difficult to see the wall, and sometimes people stepped off, causing much laughter among the watchers. (Mill Grove HaHa Wall Audubon, PA September 2000)

A beautiful view of Perkiomen Creek from the porch at Mill Grove. Perkiomen Creek was popular with local folks for fishing, swimming, and ice skating. About Audubon’s skating skills, David Pawling wrote, “Today I saw the swiftest skater I ever beheld; backwards and forwards he went like the wind, even leaping over large airholes fifteen feet or more across, and continuing to skate without an instant’s delay” (Audubon: Life and Art in the American Wilderness, Streshinsky, Shirley, Villard Books, 1993, p.30). The faint line of the HaHa Wall can be seen halfway down the hill. (Mill Grove-Perkiomen Creek Audubon, PA September 2000)

Porch of Mill Grove house during major renovation in September 2000. This porch overlooks a high grassy knoll and Perkiomen Creek. (Mill Grove-Porch Audubon, PA September 2000)

The ruins of the Spring House are located off the Audubon Trail within the Audubon Wildlife Sanctuary at Mill Grove Estate in Audubon, PA. (Mill Grove-Spring House Audubon, PA September 2000)

The tavern (lower right) attached to the main house at Mill Grove is used for office space today. In early days of Mill Grove, it was the custom for travelers to stop at homes along the road for bed and board. The exposed beams under the first floor of the house still show the black soot from cooking fires in the tavern. (Mill Grove Tavern Audubon, PA September 2000)

This photo was taken in September 2000 when the historic house at Mill Grove was undergoing major repairs to the exterior of the building. It was exciting to see construction materials, including square-headed nails, that had not been exposed since 1762, when the house was built. In 1789 Mill Grove was purchased by Captain Jean Audubon, a retired French Naval Officer. His son, eighteen-year-old John James Audubon, lived at Mill Grove from 1803-1806. During that time he met his future wife Lucy Green Bakewell, who lived in a nearby estate called Fatland Ford. In 1806 Mill Grove was sold and John James Audubon returned to France for the last time, then went back to Fatland Ford to marry Lucy Bakewell. From there the young couple left for the Kentucky frontier. Mill Grove was purchased by Samuel Wetherill in 1813; the Wetherill family owned Mill Grove for nearly 140 years. Mill Grove was purchased by Montgomery County in 1951 and is now on the National Register of Historic Places. (Mill Grove House Audubon, PA September 2000)

About the Author

Susan Crofoot Davis was born December 19, 1941 in Oakland, California to Harry Davis Crofoot and Doris Elizabeth Edwards Crofoot. Her family, including sisters Patricia and Jacqueline, moved to Medford, Oregon where they have lived since 1951. After graduating from Medford Senior High School in 1960, Susan worked in the travel industry for several years until her marriage. Susan is the adoptive mother of Nancy and Barbara, who live in Australia, and is the grandmother of six girls. Susan graduated from Southern Oregon University in 1980 with a bachelor's degree in Business Education. She taught high school business courses and later returned to Medford to work at Southern Oregon University in Computing Services. Soon after retiring in 1997, Susan got a computer and got involved in genealogy.

To contact the author, send email to: sukie1941@charter.net

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